Kaleidoscopic: An Analysis of “The Wasteland” by T.S. Eliot Essay

T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Wasteland† is known for its kaleidoscopic and fragmented form, with the converging of different styles from different movements of poetry; the employment of a wide range of metaphorical devices (from allusions to the decidedly Christian quest for the Holy Grail, to references about ancient Greece, and more pagan origins – the diversity of allusions from different cultures only serves to raise the universality of the poem’s theme); and the wealth of convolutions of the poem as a whole, jumping from one scene to another in an abrupt and disconcerting lack of traditional cohesion. There are rapid shifts not only in imagery and perspective, but also in setting, and in subject. And yet the poem is unified by its overall theme of despair – despair and futility in the midst and at the inevitable end of man’s search for peace and contentment. Man subjects himself to a baffled search for spiritual peace, when, in the end, he must be resigned that the search is, after all that time, futile, even never-ending. It is this futility and despair that grounds the â€Å"fragments† of the poem, the so-called â€Å"bigger picture,† making it into that which the poem strives to attain. A technique that Eliot employs is the deliberate â€Å"scattering† of connected passages that discuss one subject. As an exploration of the theme, he carries it further by â€Å"dissecting† the subject, offering hints and foreshadowing in earlier parts of the poem, then places the other divisions into a variation of sections. Malcolm Bradbury and James McFarlane, in their introductory essay â€Å"Name and Nature of Modernism† for Modernism, 1890-1930, encapsulates the fragmented form of the poem: â€Å"Modernist works frequently tend to be ordered, then, not on the sequence of historical time or the evolving sequence of character, from history or story, as in realism and naturalism; they tend to work spatially through layers of consciousness, working towards a logic of metaphor or form† (p.50). The Modernist poem’s multiplicity in layers exploits the poetic form in that insights and epiphanies are not procured at face value, that the reader must take it upon himself to discover and explore the layers and exposition. Also, the collage-like quality of this Modernist poem tore through the traditional forms of poetry and poetics, in its audacious experimentation. Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris in their introductory essay for Poems for the Millennium say, â€Å"A characteristic of modern art (and poetry) so defined . . . has been the questioning of art itself as a discrete and bounded category† (p.8). The poet and the poem continue to push at the boundaries, insisting that the boundaries should not even be existent – an intention that â€Å"The Wasteland† succeeds in carrying out. Although the many convolutions and intricacies in â€Å"The Wasteland† evoke the initial impression of fragmentation, there are interlocking themes and content, if not passages reminiscent of others, found throughout the poem. Part of Eliot’s poetics is, underneath all the references from other fragments of literature and all levels of allusions, there are images that shall mirror another, and then another, though they may be as subtle as a single word in a line, through they may be scattered throughout the entire length of the poem. One example of this resonance can be found in Eliot’s mention of drowning, or death by water. The â€Å"narrative† is prophesied near the beginning of the poem, lines 46 and 47 say, â€Å"Here, said she, / Is your card, the drowned Phoenician sailor,† followed with the ominous statement, â€Å"Fear death by water† in line 55, found in the same section. It is essential to note that among the ancient Mediterranean people, it was the Phoenicians who became known for expertise in sailing and navigation, mastering the rather challenging task of sailing against the wind, making headway little by little, by tacking back and forth (Black). Eliot provides this information through a prophesy by one of the many characters in the poem, Madame Sosostris, a clairvoyant. This adds another dimension to the resonance of the passage because, as well as being part of a group of references, its very position as being the first the readers encounter in the poem provides and carries out its intention of foretelling the future. Eliot then continues to explore this theme, in almost teasing narrative, throughout the poem. The next reference is found in part three, or The Fire Sermon. In line 220 – 221, the sailor is mentioned again in, â€Å"At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives / Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea.† Interestingly, this is imparted in the form of another prophecy of sorts – this time from the blind seer Tiresias. This passage offers a kind of build-up by narrating the usual routine of a sailor in one of his less tragic days at work. The statement is an aside, a mere commentary at the larger picture painted by The Fire Sermon, although in its simplicity and subtlety, the passage succeeds in presenting that the Phoenician sailor is supposed to come home from a hard day (and night’s) work at the sea. Which makes it all the more tragic, as these resonant images culminate, fittingly enough, in part four, titled Death by Water. Everything comes together in this part of the poem. The skilled yet unfortunate Phoenician sailor is named, Phlebas, and we witness his fate, that which has long been hinted at from different parts of the poem. Phlebas dies, â€Å". . . a current under sea / Picked his bones in whispers (line 315).† And he dies, not for want of expertise in his profession, but by forgetting â€Å". . . the cry of gulls, and the deep sea swell / and the profit and loss (lines 313 to 314)† – readers get the impression that Phlebas was preoccupied, in reflection of matters known only to him. In him readers behold another character of Eliot’s, who emulates a theme of the poem, that human beings are in a continuous search for some sort of peace or contentment, yet they must resign ourselves to a life of futility and despair. Death by Water concludes with a note, some words of caution, still reminding the reader of the Phoenician sailor’s skill, his promise, regardless of his tragic death: â€Å"O you who turn the wheel and look to windward, / Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.† Aside from being a critique of traditional form and the very definition of art and poetry, the poem also became a critique of the current social condition. Published in the aftermath of World War I, which had been the most destructive war in history at that point, many believed that the poem was an â€Å"indictment of post-war European culture and as an expression of disillusionment in contemporary society, which Eliot believed to be culturally barren.† Despair was the consensual mood of nations, and salvation seemed bleak at the time. â€Å"The Wasteland† encapsulated that consensus, that attitude, displaying one of the characteristic of Modernism, which â€Å"is the one art that responds to the scenario of our chaos† (Bradbury and McFarlane, 27). And the stylized fragmentation of the poem serves to thrust that aim further, form functioning to serve the subject matter. â€Å"The Wasteland† as a Modernist poem employs daring experimentation of style, from sudden shifts in form and style and subject, to the division of narrative style and exposition. Passages reminiscent of each other are found throughout the poem, carrying with it the theme of the poem like an interconnection of veins throughout a human body. It is a critique of the times, and of the times before that had shaped the current situation. As Rothenberg and Joris state, â€Å"The most interesting works of poetry and art are those that question their own shapes and forms, and by implication the shapes and forms of whatever preceded them† (p. 11). Works Cited Black, Bob. â€Å"Borne by the Wind: The Lure and Lore of Sailing.† Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2005. Bradbury, Malcolm and James McFarlane. Modernism, 1890-1930. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1879. Harmon, William. â€Å"T.S. Eliot.† Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2005. Ramazani, Jahan, Richard Ellmann and Robert O’Clair, eds. The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003.   Rothenberg, Jerome and Pierre Joris, eds. Poems for the Millenium: the University of California Book of Modern and Postmodern Poetry. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Aristophanes Account of Love in Plato’s Symposium Essay

Plato’s Symposium contains several intriguing accounts of the nature of love. Describe in detail either the account of love offered by Aristophanes or Socrates/Diotima. What arguments could be given for thinking that this is the correct conception of love? DO you find this account compelling? Be sure to explain you reasons for taking the position that you do. The Symposium, written by Plato, is an account of the different speeches given during a dinner party. Each speech given is by a different person and each speech is the speaker’s own theory on love. An intriguing speech given is the one by Aristophanes, the comedian. In Aristophanes’ speech he starts out by saying that he has a thought of plan for how humans might have come to be the way they are now. His speech is based completely on a madeup idea that he came up with. He describes the natural form of humans as two technically connected humans that together form a perfect sphere. The humans in this form had three genders. The genders were either made up of male-male, male-female, or female-female. The male-male gender was superior, as coinciding with this time, and was the offspring of the sun; the sun often referred to as a god. The androgynous gender, or male-female, was the offspring of the moon. The moon shares both the sun and the earth. The female-female then were offspring of the earth. The earth was not highly thought of, just being where humans lived and so quite used and abused [190b]. These humans all made an attempt to attack the gods which then caused the gods to take retaliatory action back. The gods decided that the human race could not be wiped out completely because that would eliminate the worship and sacrifices the gods receive. Zeus, instead, decided to cut the beings in two [190d]. â€Å"Now, since their natural form had been cut in two each one longed for its own other half† [191b]. This is where Aristophanes’ theory on love comes to. He believed each person has another half, or soul mate, they are in search of. â€Å"Love is born into every human being; [191d] it calls back the halves of our original nature together. Aristophanes suggests that one is in constant search of their other half that matches, then once found the desire they had felt because of having been separated is now healed. â€Å"The two are struck from their senses†¦don’t want to be separated from one another, not even for a moment† [192c]. In one way I find Aristophanes’ argument correct. People do seem to be in constant search for whom they want, or som etimes feel they are meant to be with. It is very interesting, however, that Aristophanes relates one’s longing and desire as a form of punishment. In the tory the longing and desire came as a punishment from the gods; the only cure for this was when the two halves were reunited. Aristophanes makes it clear two halves are meant to be together but he also contradicts his own statement, â€Å"whenever one of the halves died and one was left, the one that was left still sought another and wove itself together with that†[191b-191c]. If two halves have a certain match that they are always in constant search of, and are meant to be with, wouldn’t it only make sense that there would then not be another being that one could simply find and then weave itself with. As I previously stated, I agree with Aristophanes in one way. I think that the idea of two people being meant to be together is plausible. People are always in constant search for a soul mate. Not necessarily the â€Å"one† per say, but a person they can spend the rest of their life with. There are billions of people in the world are I think it is very possible to have multiple compatible people who can fall in love. Thus, I agree more with Aristophanes own contradiction of himself; there are multiple people who match up together and get woven together in the right way.

Communication and Global Capital Accumulation Essay

Communication and Global Capital Accumulation - Essay Example The globalisation of markets and the requirements of capital are, to a large extent, at the heart of these changes. Globalisation, entailing the removal of barriers to the cross-border flow of capital, has expanded the parameters of markets while simultaneously shrinking them. As Freund and Weinhold (2004) explain, globalisation has made international business, with the associate global capital exchange and generation, the norm rather than the exception. Business firms are no longer limited to their home markets but have expanded far beyond their borders as a direct consequence of globalisation. Indeed, the home market has become the global market, with the implication being that globalisation has expanded the former and contracted the latter (Freund and Weinhold, 2004). In other words, capital movements effectively obliterated national boundaries and have brought the world into closer contact with one another. The internationalisation of capital and the proliferation of international business relationships has largely been enabled by the Internet, both as a medium of communication and a space for the generation and exchange of capital. The Internet has not simply facilitated communication but in so doing, it has annihilated the space and time barriers. Space and time, the historical obstacles to the efficient exchange of information between corporations and markets have, according to Choi (2003) been transgressed by the Internet. Its wide application has afforded international business the tools it needs to engage in the global management of its markets and to supervise the international movement of its capital. Available facts indicate that the Internet has afforded companies such as General Motors the opportunity to create a network of suppliers which spans across 100 countries and to do business in most of the world just as it does in its home market. Further to that, the emergence and proliferation of the Internet as a media for the control, management and generation of capital has contributed to the multiplication of global foreign direct investment figures (Cohen and Prusack, 2005). Within the context of the stated, it is evident that the Internet has not only facilitated international business but it has contributed to the global flow of capital and its increased accumulation, largely because of its inherent capacity to transgress space and time. The requirements of global capital are not limited to the increased utilisation of the Internet as a business medium but to the redefinition of the very concept of communication. The traditional communication structure, while not obsolete, is increasingly irrelevant. Deetz (2004) explains that communication is no longer limited to the interpersonal and the real world. With the invention of the television and its subsequent entry into practically every home across the world, media communication and cultural scholars maintained that it was the herald of a new communications and cultural age. This medium, which has inarguably redefined communications and culture, pales in comparison to the Internet. TV transforms individuals into passive recipients of culture and communication while the Internet draws them in as active communication participants and

Business Organization Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Organization Project - Essay Example The limited liability partnership model is the business model where all partners work almost independently and one partner maintains least responsibility of the acts and behaviors of the others; hence it is the type of some independent work activities and partners only share the part of income and expenditure of their place of work. The Limited Liability Company (LLC) has been devised as a way to allow the formation of a company, which allows the direct pass-through of income to the owners without the potential for double taxation. (Retrieved from offshoreinc.net) The company will enter into contract with construction companies and will order them construction of the houses twice a month. Civic consultants itself will make its renovation according to the latest fashion designs as well as on the requirements of the clients. The staff members and limited partners will supervise the construction and renovation process turn by turn. As soon as the renovation is complete, it would be adve rtised in the classified pages of newspapers and magazines, which would capture the attention of the buyers. A sales team will be trained or hired for this purpose, which must have dexterity and command over sales phenomenon. On the basis of the sale of one house, the payment of the second house will be made. Sales staff upholds the most dominant place in the development and growth of corporate firms, organizations and their products as well. There takes place nothing in a business in reality until and unless a sale is made or conducted. It is the sales phenomenon that gives a go to the establishment of various positions and departments within a corporate company or organizational structure. Companies allocate huge resources and stipulate significant ratio of their annual budgets to their advertising plan in order to enhance their sales on the basis of which they can increase

Research/Source analysis task on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Research Paper

/Source analysis task on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Agriculture - Research Paper Example Presently advanced crop technology is being assisted majorly by genetic engineering. Reference: Discovering Biology by Michael Meaney - Mentor Publications http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Genetic_engineering 2. What are some genetic engineering techniques used in agriculture? The simplest and natural technique of genetic engineering is cross breeding. It has been in practice since ancient times. Some of the modern techniques used in agriculture are as follows: The bacterium method: Plants naturally contain a transformation mechanism in the form of a bacterium. In this mechanism the contact of this bacterium with a cell results in its integration into the chromosomes. Scientist exploit this natural tendency to create resistances like antibiotics. This is done by replacing the acting plasmid of bacterium with a marker gene. The gene gun method: This method does not depend on the natural working of bacterium. The DNA is introduced into the cell by DNA coated micro sized bullets . This method is used commonly since several years and its is found to be applicable over all species of crops virtually. Over the last several years, use of the "gene gun" has become a very common method to transform plants, and has been shown to be applicable to virtually all species investigated. For example, transformation of rice by this method is now routine. This is a very important development as rice is the most important crop in the world in terms of the number of people critically dependent on it for a major part of their diet. The electroporation: In this method the DNA is introduced inside the cell through the holes punctured by a jolt of electricity in protoplasts. This method is not very popular. Reference(s): http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/geneng.html. 3. What are some of the aims of using GMOs in agriculture? Some of the main aims of applying the GMOs in agriculture are increase in the volume of crops to fight the food crisis in the world (the high yielding genetically modified seeds are largely in use to serve the purpose), the improvement in the nutritional value of crops by introducing new genetically engineered varieties, curbing and reducing the use of pesticides by producing disease resistant safe crops. Additional aims include the preservation of environment by saving the water supplies from pesticides and by allowing the beneficial biological growths. References: http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm 4. What are some crops to which genetic engineering techniques have been applied and what techniques have been applied to these crops? The gene gun method has proved to be highly useful in generation of genetically improved corn and rice. The induced mutation or bacterium method greatly assists in the introduction and production of several genetically engineered crops like banana, sugar cane, barley and wheat etc. There are 2300 officially released genetically engineered crop varieties listed in the da tabase maintained by FAO/IAEA. References: http://www-infocris.iaea.org/MVD http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/courses/BIO_343/lecture/geneng.html. 5. How widespread and economically important has the use of GMOs on agriculture been up to the present? GMOs are used extensively all around the world. Their widespread use can be assessed by the fact that the ‘

The development of recommendations for best practices in Value-Chain Essay

The development of recommendations for best practices in Value-Chain Integration for UK Financial Services organisations adopting Business Process Outsourcing - Essay Example ater pressures on margins which, in turn, drive the need for improved operational efficiencies; second, the need to refocus on core competencies in order to improve competitiveness and third, growing numbers of easily available and capable specialist providers. Added to this is the fact that technological advances now make it easier for business to be conducted across many locations and partnerships. It should be noted that businesses are constantly re-evaluating their strategic operations and the definition of core and non-core is consequently in a state of flux. What is viewed as core today will not necessarily be viewed as core tomorrow. Certain core activities can be outsourced if there is considerable fluctuation in demand that does not justify full time increase in head count. The decisions on outsourcing are generally strategic. Deming (1982, cited by Odindo et al, 2004) advised companies to reduce the number of suppliers. Fewer suppliers with long term commitments can improve a company’s operation. â€Å"Not having to deal with many companies helps to minimise the complexities and costs that may result from inconsistencies and variety when more than one service provider is used† (Odindo et al, 2004). Sometimes companies outsource to their competitors when the only competency to serve them is found in competitors. Odindo et al (2004) have also pointed out that outsourcing can be used to harness innovation and talent beyond the confines of a company. It is not easy or generally possible for an organisation to have all the talent required for the company to innovate. Using outsourcing providers gives a company access to the provider’s innovative capabilities. The very nature of the financial services business means that companies are suitable candidates for outsourcing and many have become highly sophisticated users of these services. Financial services companies have fewer ties to a particular geographic location than other businesses and only a small

Marketing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing - Research Proposal Example f data from fifteen respondents randomly selected to present their views on the issue and in relation to Burger King and their attitudes towards the company and its products and services before and after the scandal. The respondents were selected randomly from the general population, and all were aged above 18 years. The research was conducted through qualitative collection of data using questionnaires. The results of this study showed that the Horse meat Scandal had a significant impact on the marketing strategy of Burger King as a company. Many of its previously loyal customers lost trust, and some indicated an onset of worry. Of all the 15 respondents from whom the data was collected, only 4 (27%) indicated having not changed their attitude towards the company. The rest 73% of the respondents were angry with the revelation of the scandal and would not recommend the company to anyone in the future. This attitude was present even among 2 respondents who had not eaten at Burger King before. These results indicate that must companies to observe business ethics and ensure that they do not lose customers out of such scandals. It, therefore, recommends that Burger King should be open and admit the flaws in the suppliers’ scrutiny and accreditation and assure the consumer of vigilance and seek apology. In early 2013, a wave of consumer uproar was experienced in the food industry in Western Europe. The outrage was in regards to companies unethical practice claims. I had been reported through several media that horse meat was being added to beef products from several main producers of burgers and other foods in the industry. Among the companies who were indicated to be involved in this scandal were Burger King and Tesco, the two giants in the industry. This issue of meat adulteration came to be referred by many the â€Å"Horse Meat Scandal† (HMS). The scandal did not only have immediate effect on the meat business, but also the idea of shopper trust in items offered

Investigtion in the importance of play to children's development and Essay

Investigtion in the importance of play to children's development and learning and it's psychological influences - Essay Example The theories on play are categorized under two broad categories of Classical and Contemporary Theories. Play is an essential component of development and learning and enriches the experiences of children engaging in it. Play activities provide children with various opportunities to engage in different aspects of the social world thus helping them develop. Introduction Ask a child and he would tell you or even asking the question to ourselves can remind us how much children love to play. For children, play usually reflects what they hold important in their lives. Play mirrors a children’s cognitive, social and physiological development. Children relate â€Å"play† to as feelings of having fun, interaction with friends, having the authority to choose the kind of activities they engage in and obviously the exhilaration of being outdoors. Play activities can range from being funny, noisy, messy to being very serious and effortful. The kind of play that children would engage in varies with their developmental stage and it evolves as the children grow and explore new things around them. Through play, children are strengthening existing learning or practicing a skill. Play can also play a significant role in building or strengthening a relationship. Engaging in play provides children with a chance to bring their own interpretation and understandings of people, situations, experiences and expectations in action. This makes a child more responsive of what he is observing around him and makes him learn actively. For children play could simply be a way to do things and only by doing things a child can develop and learn. Play provides children with opportunities to engage in social interaction with their family and peers, help developing their language, social skills and their ability to solve problems and help enable them to function as a part of a larger group. Play is an essential part of development in children as it ensures that a child’s mind is constantly engaged, it is aware of others around and active in learning through observation. Engagement in both the real and imagined social and physical world provides children with the chance to experience emotional and bodily sensations (Lester & Russell, 2008). Play can be seen as an instrument that builds and design the structures of the brain in a unique way when considering its relationship to the body and the environment rather than a way of learning specific skills(Lester & Russell, 2008). Through this engagement with the immediate real and the imagined impacts on the development of the brain and effects the way the genes are expressed. Play is an essential tool for children to make sense of their world and to identify their niche within it. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children acknowledges the importance of play in the lives of children and categorizes it as a significant right for every child (International Play Association, n.d.). Play provides numerou s opportunities for the children to interact as learners and it also helps stimulate an inclusive learning environment. Through play the child is socialized in to the society, they learn about responsibilities and practice their roles as a part of a learning community. By supporting children’s play the teachers can provide an environment that encourages holistic learning. Responsibilities and the Adult roles are significant in initiating the children to

The use of foreign labour is the only long term solution to overcoming Essay

The use of foreign labour is the only long term solution to overcoming the skills shortages in the construction industry in UK - Essay Example It is generally recognized that the industry needs to work on its image" (The construction industry 2001, p. 14). Among other dimensions featuring in this domain are the state of supply and demand for labour and the structure of employment in the UK. Critics (Ellinor 2005) admit that the nation getting older and foreign labour is the only long-term solution for construction industry (CEDIA UK 2005). Cumulative changes in the demand for labour and the structure of employment-in the macroeconomic arena provide the basis for a transition that is brought about acutely by the contingency of the crisis in the macro-political arena, during which labour-importing states like the UK seize the opportunity to achieve the rationalization of the labour market they have already been hesitantly reaching for. Economic disparities between territories sending and receiving migrants include differences in earnings, livelihoods and living standards (Gilbert 2003). The problem of labour shortage is long term: "and will not be solved unless the industry can reach out to a new generation of potential workers" (The construction industry 2001, p. 14). The rationalization, the replacement of denizens by foreign migrant workers, has political and security as well as economic motivations. Employers recruit skilled migrants because the skills are not available in the UK, and they employ less-skilled immigrants because British-born people - if they are available - are not willing to do the work" (What might be the implications 2007). The UK construction industry is already facing labour scarcity, an impact tacitly acknowledged by the authorities. With the changing economic environment, such factors as imbalance between supply and demand mark construction building in UK (Ross & Marton 2007). In spite of this situation, increased competition has enhanced the need of new technological innovations and economic improvement within the industry to satisfy the needs of the market. It is one of the most important infrastructure requirements, which is essential for the expansion of opportunities and plays an important role in making or breaking the competitive positioning (Industry Must Modernize 2007). Free movement of labour will help the construction industry to overcome labour shortage and ensure supply of foreign workers. The most important is that: "The 'journeymen' concept is widely established in the UK construction sector, and the engineering construction workforce have historically been flexible in regard to geographical mobility" (The construction industry 2001, p. 14). Economically, socially and financially, foreign labour will help the industry to respond to buyer needs and improve its performance. Recent years, the remarkable feature of construction industry in the UK is great imbalance between supply and demand. The basis for advantage is the fact that the industry can stay ahead of the market when firms are more sensitive to and more responsive to demand, and when supply, in turn, reflects or anticipates demand (Roder, 2003). Socially and economically, foreign labour will become a burden for both construction companies and the government. The balance can be achieved when the demand sets the quality standard and gives firms a better picture of buyer needs at an earlier time than is available to rivals. In contrast to UK workers, foreign labour

What I Have Learned About Women, Work And Society Essay

What I Have Learned About Women, Work And Society - Essay Example Professional or managerial work affects women not in the same way as work on assembly line or in service sector. Women's socio-economic status and access to social support inside and outside of the family can also mediate role performance. Another important dimension of women's roles has to do with choice and necessity. "Public" roles, such as worker or social activist, are usually voluntary, and hence conducive to the sense of mastery and self-actualization (Boris and Chaudhuri 2001). Conversely, caretaking roles are often experienced as "imposed," and lead to perceived loss of control and poorer mental health. Therefore, universal models of role interaction should be supplemented by the more contextualized studies in specific groups of women of different age, ethnicity and social standing. Professional or managerial work affects women not in the same way as work on assembly line or in service sector. Women's socio-economic status and access to social support inside and outside of the family can also mediate role performance. Another important dimension of women's roles has to do with choice and necessity. "Public" roles, such as worker or social activist, are usually voluntary, and hence conducive to the sense of mastery and self-actualization. Conversely, caretaking roles are often experienced as "imposed," and lead to perceived loss of control and poorer mental health. Therefore, universal models of role interaction should be supplemented by the more contextualized studies in specific groups of women of different age, ethnicity and social standing. Professional or managerial work affects women not in the same way as work on assembly line or in service sector. Women's socio-economic status and access to social support inside and outside of the family can also mediate role performance. Another important dimension of women's roles has to do with choice and necessity. "Public" roles, such as worker or social activist, are usually voluntary, and hence conducive to the sense of mastery and self-actualization. Conversely, caretaking roles are often experienced as "imposed," and lead to perceived loss of control and poorer mental health. Therefore, universal models of role interaction should be supplemented by the more contextualized studies in specific groups of women of different age, ethnicity and social standing. The bulk of earlier social research on women's roles was typically focused on the roles of younger women, i.e. those of wife, mother of young children, and employee; few studies addressed the issue of role overload in older working women. Using concepts of "caregiver stress" or "caregiver burden," the impact of elder care on the caregiver, as well as the cumulative effect of multiple roles, have been increasingly addressed. (Barbara Hanawalt 1986) The need in family-based care of the elderly is rapidly expanding in response to growing life expectancy and population ageing. Since women live, on the average, 5-7 years longer than men, they form the majority among both providers and recipients of care. The need for support and assistance progressively ascends after age 65, and by age 85 over half of the elderly cannot function without help. Despite growing social and geographic mobility in modern families, the ties between the elders and their adult children are stronger than was believed in past decades. Long-Term Care Survey in the U.S. has shown that 80% of elder care is provided by family members, and 72% of the caregivers are women, usually daughters or daughters-in-law. (Boris And Janssens 2000) Another demographic factor increasing the likelihood of having elderly parents while still young is the postponement of childbearing in most western countries. Many middle-class women, who invest time and effort in education and career, marry and bear children in their 30s and even early 40s. By the time these children start families of their own, their parents may well be into their late 60s. The small number of siblings in modern nuclear families also results in excessive caregiver burden falling on a single child, usually a daughter. About two million American women are simultaneously engaged in care of their teenage or younger children and ageing parents. An adult woman can expect to spend 17 years of her life caring for children and 18 years

Major Educational Challenges Assessment for Kenya Education System Essay Example for Free

Major Educational Challenges Assessment for Kenya Education System Essay With a total population of over 43 million, Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in the east and central Africa. It is well-known for its natural resource and the vast variety of wildlife, which contribute a large proportion to Kenya’s GDP in agricultural and service sectors. It’s prosperous capital Nairobi is also given the name â€Å"East African Paris†. But behind the misleading impression of affluence left by a minority of urban population, Kenya is still a poor developing country with half of the population living in total poverty. Even though with a GINI index of 42. which is only medium, the economic status inequality of Kenyans is relatively high: The rich has a condo with four private cars and two maids while the poor in shabby clothes are living in slums just two miles away. The economy of the country also leads to problems in the education sector in Kenya. The objectives of this memo is to identify three most important issues that may be challenges for Kenyan Government and Kenyan education sector, and come up with potential solutions and strategies to address them. 1, Educational inequality between urban and rural areas There’s been a significant educational inequality between urban and rural Kenya. From the data provided by â€Å"Exploring Kenyan Education† site, School Location Density (2007), most schools distributes around big cities in the southern and southwestern Kenya where the majority of the population lives in. These cities includes Nairobi the Capital, Nakuru, Kericho, Kisumu, Eldoret, Kakamega, Meru and Mombasa. Since the school density does not show any problems because it follows the demography theory, but the enrollment rate and the educational investment may tell a part of the story. In big cities like Nairobi, the gross enrollment rate of primary education is as high as 103% and the net enrollment rate is 91% (2009). But as of northeastern and northwestern Kenya the ratio is as low as 35% or even 25%. Even though the primary education is free and uniform in Kenya, there are still extra costs. One that blocks the way of education for children is the school uniform. Students drop out of schools simply because they don’t have school uniform, the situation is even worse in those tribe territories and extreme poor areas. The school uniform costs almost a thousand Ksh that many families cannot afford. Even though there has been official regulation noting that no student ought to be turned away for not having uniform, uniform is such an ineradicable â€Å"culture† in Kenya schools that either schools or parents keep students away from school for not having schools uniforms. Lacking of resources becomes another. Lacking of sufficient textbooks and necessary stationaries makes students in rural areas hard to study. Students normally depend on what their teachers can provide to them and most of the time a textbook is shared by two plus students. Even there are articles saying lacking of teachers is another problem, but according to the data by Kenya Open Data, the Pupil-Teacher Ratio in rural areas is not significantly higher than that is in developed area) -Possible solutions Providing free school uniforms targeting economically challenged students (application by student or their parents). Education ministry should also take responsibility to make sure every single student can have the textbooks they need. Unified and organized studying necessities delivery should be arranged at the start of each semester. 2, Primary-to Secondary Bottleneck The primary education in Kenya is free and an average of over 90% of eligible school-age children are enrolled into primary schools, but the net enrollment rate only ranges from 3%-50%, that means even in the best conditioned area, nearly half of the students quit studying at the age of 15. Tuition Fees remains the largest barrier for going secondary school. Data shows that a primary student cost around 3,000 Ksh (32 USD) per household per year (2005), but surges to 25,000 Ksh (270 USD) for secondary education, which accounts for more than half of Annual income per household. Despite government subsidies for secondary schools, some national and top provincial schools charge fees as high as 73,600 Ksh for one year. Such excessive education expense may be totally fine for students from privileged families, but for kids from middle class or poor families who fight all the way to those schools, that becomes a disaster. The other factor that creates the bottleneck is the poor education quality in most of the public primary schools. Primary school students need to reach over 250 points in KCPE (Kenya Certificate of Primary Education) to be qualified to continue secondary education. There are better teachers teaching in private schools and students are receiving â€Å"elite† education. 77 percent of private primary school students (2007) score over 250 compared to only 45 percent among public school students. This really reveals the poor teaching quality which fails students in public schools, thus most economic privileged families send their children to private schools. -Possible solutions: More government subsidies Though the secondary education receives governmental subsidies, more subsidies are needed to help those students with economical difficulties. Document students who need tuition aid and set up foundation targeting those students. Thus the resource can be concentrated to those in need. Further more, more money should be invested for better teachers, better infrastructures in public schools. Strengthen subsidy usage supervision Kenyan Ministry of Education spends more than 10,000Ksh per secondary student annually. This amount of money is controlled by schools instead of directly by the students, and the tuition gets even higher each year. Many secondary schools charges suggested annual tuition standard by MOE for only one semester, and most of them cannot explain the subsidies usage. Having government nominated supervisor sent to schools regularly to make sure the subsidies are in proper use would be a potential solution. Heath problems that contribute to the dropout and poor education quality Health problem has been a huge challenge for students in Kenya and the country’s heath system has been always in a difficult time trying to provide accessible heath care for its population. Poor nutrition, underweight, intestinal worms, malaria, HIV, unexpected early pregnancies, etc. have greatly influenced students’ academic performance. In some areas such as Naivasha and Thika, own illness/disability becomes the biggest reason for not attending school. The ratio may be as high as over 70% and some time reaches over 90%. Also, early pregnancy is also a main contributor to the high dropout rate among girls. -Possible solution School heath program: a school based heath system should be set up to secure students’ health condition. Since families may not be able to provide enough food supply especially for those poor families, government should help schools provide at least one meal per day to ensure students’ nutrition supplement. Also, 3. 6 million children were dewormed in 2009 and continuing implementing deworming program has been proved to be an effective way to increase attendance. Then schools should also take responsibilities for sex knowledge education which most children could not receive at home.

Sickle Cell Disease Essay Example for Free

Sickle Cell Disease Essay Sickle-Cell Anemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by the presence of an abnormal form of hemoglobin. These hemoglobin molecules tend to aggregate after unloading oxygen forming long, rod-like structures that force the red cells to assume a sickle shape. Unlike normal red cells, which are usually smooth and malleable, the sickle red cells cannot squeeze through small blood vessels. When the sickle cells block small blood vessels, the organs are deprived of blood and oxygen. This leads to periodic episodes of pain and damages the vital organs. Sickle red cells die after only about 10 to 20 days. Instead of the usual 120 days because they cannot be replaced fast enough, the blood is chronically short of red cells, causing anemia. The gene for sickle cell anemia must be inherited from both parents for the illness to occur in children. A child with only one copy of the gene may have sickle-cell traits but no symptoms of illness. Normally healthy blood cells are round shaped blood cells, they move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. People with sickle-cell disease their blood cells are not round they are become hard and sticky and look like a C-shaped farm tool called a â€Å"sickle†. The sickle cells die early, which causes a constant shortage of red blood cells. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. This can cause pain and other serious problems like infection, acute chest syndrome and stroke. Some of the common names for sickle-c ell disease are HbS disease, Hemoglobin S Disease, SCD, Sickle cell disorders, Sickle disorder due to hemoglobin S, and Anemia-Sickle Cell; Hemoglobin SS Disease (Hb SS). Sickle-cell disease is mostly inherited by African Americans, Mediterranean countries; Greece, Turkey, and Italy; the Arabian Peninsula, India, and Spanish-speaking regions; South America, Central America, and parts of the Caribbean. The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are Hemoglobin SS or sickle cell anemia, Hemoglobin SC disease, and Hemoglobin sickle beta-thalassemia (a form of Cooleys anemia). â€Å"Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans. The disease is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans.† A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children. A person with the trait carries one abnormal  hemoglobin gene inherited from one parent (S, E, C, etc.) and one normal hemoglobin gene from the other parent (type A ). Typically, sickle cell trait is the presence of hemoglobin AS.Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot catch it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell trait), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The symptoms of sickle-cell disease usually occur after the age of 4 months. Painful episodes called crises- lasting hours to days; cause pain in the bone of the back, long bones, and chest. When the anemia becomes more severe, symptoms may be fatigue, paleness, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, and yellowing of the eyes and skin (jaundice). Younger children with sickle cell anemia have attacks of abdominal pain. Abdominal pain is pain that you feel anywhere between your chest and groin. This is often referred to as the stomach region or belly. These are the symptoms, and sometimes crises can happen once a year or few times every year. The following symptoms may occur because small blood vessels may become blocked by the abnormal cells painful and prolonged erection (priapism), poor eyesight or blindness, problems with thinking or confusion caused by small strokes, and Ulcers on the lower legs (in adolescents and adults). Over time, the spleen no longer works. As a result, people with sickle cell anemia may have symptoms of infections like Bone infection (osteomyelitis), Gallbladder infection (cholecystitis), Lung infection (pneumonia), and Urinary tract infection. Other symptoms may include delayed growth and puberty, and painful joints caused by arthritis. Tests commonly performed to diagnose and monitor patients with sickle cell anemia are Bilirubin, Blood oxygen, Complete blood count (CBC), Hemoglobin electrophoresis, Serum creatinine, Serum potassium, and Sickle cell test. The treatments for people with sickle-cell disease are blood transfusions (may also be given regularly to prevent stroke), pain medicines, plenty of fluids, and Hydroxyurea (Hydrea). Hydroxyurea is a medicine that may help reduce the number of pain episodes (including chest pain and difficulty breathing) in some people. Antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections, which are common in children with sickle cell disease dialysis or kidney transplant for kidney disease, counseling for psychological complications,  gallbladder removal in people with gallstone disease, hip replacement for avascular necrosis of the hip, surgery for eye problems, treatment for overuse or abuse of narcotic pain medicines, and wound care for leg ulcers. For treatment some of the vaccinations are Haemophilus influenza vaccine (Hib), Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). There are a few common organizations that support sickle-cell they are American Sickle Cell Anemia Association, National Heart, Blood and Lung Institution, Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, U.S Center of Disease Control Prevention. Many people have been affected by S ickle-Cell Anemia and only a couple are cured. Although African Americans have a high occurrence of Sickle-Cell Anemia (1 in 500 African Americans), many other nationalities suffer from the disease. Sickle-Cell Anemia affects 8 out of 100,000 people worldwide. Sickle-Cell Anemia should start to be noticed, if not throughout the entire world, then at least America. The more awareness there is for this disease, the fewer death rates we will have as a country. Bibliography http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000527.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003120.htm http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/sickle_cell_anemia.html#a_Causes_of_Sickle_Cell_Disease http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/treatments.html

Every organization has its own culture and belief

Every organization has its own culture and belief Introduction Every organization has its own culture. Every culture consists the expectations related to behavior. These norms and values are not in writing but it tell employees the way things really are. Perception of all the persons in business from chief executive to the lowest rank is influenced by these norms. Employees of any organization contribute to the success or failure of the organization; follow the norms by supporting and accepting them. Organization culture Corporate culture is the combination of shared values, norms and beliefs that give meaning to the persons of an organization and provide them with the rules for behavior in the organization. Organization culture is concerned with how employees concerned with six basic features such as individual, autonomy, structure, consideration, conflict and structure. Every organization explains in its own way what it means by culture. Some of them called it ethos, core, manner, ideology, philosophy, roots, style, vision, patterns and the way and the purpose. Constituents of the culture Organization culture is made up of tow dimensions Guiding beliefs Daily beliefs Guiding beliefs there are external beliefs relating to how to compete and how to direct the business and also there are internal beliefs relating to how to manage, how to direct the business. The philosophical foundation of every organization is built with these roots and principles. These roots and principles are held as universal truths and are enough to accommodate any variety of circumstances. Daily beliefs are those rules and feelings that are related to everyday behavior. They are dynamic, situational and change to meet circumstances. Functions of organization culture Today organization can not neglect its human side. Employees of the organizations are the real fortune maker of the organization who play a great role in making the organizations strong and growing unit. It is necessary for organization to develop an organization identity and to nurture the spirit of oneness .organization culture performs four different types of functions. Desired behavioral pattern Employees must learn to behave according to basic organizations philosophy. And they should understand their surroundings. Collective commitment Organization culture is the result of team efforts. Culture is that visible bond of feelings and emotions that ties the employees at all the levels to develop collective commitment. The fooling of organizational identity Good Organization culture has ability to attract develop and keep talented people. Organization can not grow without strong commitment of its employees. Socialization of members The organization must uniformly develop system of promotions, remuneration and behavior patterns which can socialize the employees without any conflicts between them. DIAGNOSING AND CHANGING ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE: BASED ON COMPETING VALUES EMPLOYEE MORALE It is the relationship that a particular employee or a group of employees have for their work and for their organizations they work for. If there is high employee morale means employees are happy and this is also reflective in the kind of job they do. On the other hand if there is low employee morale it will result in low productivity and pessimism in employees. It is important for all the organizations to make continually efforts to keep morale high. Significance Employees morale is a part of workforce culture. When there is high employee morale employees are happy, they become more efficient because they enjoy their work. It is important that employees do not feel overload and burdened by their job. Develop Better communication always improves employee morale. Encouraging employees to communicate their ideas and thoughts effectively will result in better understanding of each other. This also helps in developing the leadership styles in employees and teaching the employees how to be assertive. Top management should also talk sincerely to their employees and staff and build a solution to resolve the issues among the employees. Effects If there is high employee morale then it shall result in effective team. A supportive environment helps employees to work effectively and share their ideas without fear of being ridiculed. High morale is also an induction of job satisfaction. Employees should also be forward in asking for help and support of any kind in an organization. Considerations Human resource department helps a lot in improving the employees morale by participating in various activities and events that would help in raising the employees morale. Team building exercises play a great role because when employees work in harmony in teams , they tend to help each other. Expert insight The best way to improve high morale is to reward the hard work of employees. An employee may sometimes feel overloaded with the amount of work he needs to be done and could start of thinking the value of the work comparing the amount of pay he receives. When employees feel that they would appreciated then they shall more likely to want to shoe their skills and contribute more. Impact of organization culture on employees morale The nature of organization culture that exists in the company decides the degree to which the desired results from the employees are obtained. The perception of members about the organization usually determines that type of the organization culture. An organization culture consists of two components The primary value of the organization The existing systems and styles of management These two components mainly determine the degree to which the desired results shall obtained from the employees. The value systems of the employees indicate the direction in which the employees originations are likely to move in the future. A strong culture is the lover for guiding behavior of employees. It helps employees to do their job better. Organization culture can be stated in following five features Conflict Consideration Organizational structure Individual autonomy Reward for the employees The essence of the organization culture is mainly concerned with how workers perceive each of the five features stated above whether positive or negative. A system of informal rules can be necessary for an effective culture that spells out how employees in organizations are behaving most of the time. It also enables people to feel better about what they have done, so that they are more likely to work harder. It provides a sense of common direction and rules for day to day activities. If organization culture is such that they give reward and appreciate the employees for their work done then there will be an high employees morale in an organization. Most of the people thrive on feeling appreciated. Every organization can improve employee morale by showing appreciation in simple ways such as rewarding employees by saying well done and than you for the good work. Psychological research shows that atmosphere greatly and also directly affects the employees morale and motivation level. Providing comfortably and aesthetically pleasing furniture is one way to motivate people. Lighting flowers and artwork can be the method help improve employee morale. If in the organization employers are friendly and interested in employees then there will be high employee morale sincere query and a warm smile shall help in motivating employees. Every organization must encourage social interaction between employees and must resolve conflicts immediately to improve the employee morale. Social events such as picnics and softball or baseball games can create a sense of belongingness between employees. Social interactions help in positively influences the cooperation about coming to work everyday. On the other hand if there are no interactions then such situation of isolation can cause depression and a lack of motivation. Providing a pleasant atmosphere is sometimes not possible like in factories and repair shops. In these types of environments offering a proper relaxation time period and a break room helps to improve motivation level. In any work environment, safe and comfortable conditions raise employee morale by providing a reasonable sense of security. There are many issues that stems from practices embedded within in an organization culture affecting employee morale and productivity. These include Little or no accountability Employees need to know that mistakes may count for learning instead of punishing criminals for repeat offenses. Leadership not serving as examples Today some leaders are ruthless, demeaning and narcissists. Leaders need to act always in harmony and ensure equal treatment of all like the organizational culture in McDonalds and FedEx. Departmental infighting Companies are in business for one reason: to create clients. End the fighting and focus on the most vital asset. When the fighting ends perhaps harmony shall arrive. Career planning and succession planning is null Most of the CEOs and senior managers join an organization from competitive industries and companies. In the organization there is null career planning then there will be very less employee morale and the motivation level. How employees morale benefits your business? If compared to employees who are motivated with disengaged workers we shall find that disengaged workers do their work less efficiently, miss more workdays and also cost organization thousands of dollar due to loss of productivity. Keeping the employees motivated and high morale is one the best way you can maintain the productive workforce. For getting employees and to feel connected to the company, managers must ensure that employees clearly understand their roles. Managers must provide good training and continuous feedback to ensure high motivation level of employees. High morale of employees shows the setting of high standards and shows commitment toward the organization. When it comes to things like customer service and quality then act in such a manner that consistent with what you demand from your employees. Make employees feel valued and connected by asking for their feedback and suggestions and giving them room to make decisions by involving employees as equal members of your team. If the organization promotes policies that support employees in taking action to resolve issues then there will be less wastage of time and energy that will no doubt shall effects the organization productivity Direct relationship between employees morale and organization culture Therefore to have a high employee morale there must be favorable organization culture. There are some of the pointers to improve the organization culture Say thank you often and sincerely face to face. Offer the options to the employees to come an hour late on Monday mornings or leaving the employees an hour early on Friday afternoons when possible. Employers must take time to meet with employees one at a time. Acknowledge special events either through cards, meetings ad news letters. Encourage a sense of ownership in work. Publicly appreciate hard work and an initiative on the company bulletin board, in the news letters and board meetings. Suggestions for high employees morale With the helps of survey determine what motivates employees. Gauge the areas in career development, recognition and rewards, status, task accomplishment activities, leadership, and praise, problem solving achievement and guiding others. Communicate with employees about how companys basic goals, vision and mission connect to individuals employee goals. Set up a display about the employees proudest moments. Create such environment that expresses concern for employees. Allow time to the employees at the beginning of the shift so that they can review past and ongoing goals. Instill a sense of confidence and encouragement in the companys ability to provide resources to employees for succeed. Highlight the accomplishments and success stories of employees. Use themed apparel and a casual dress day to promote a sense of tea spirit. Provide a relaxation breaks and pictures of great vacation or picnics as rewards for group achievements. Encourage them to start book clubs, craft circles and other activities that they can share with co-workers. Organization must also promote open communication system in work environment. Employees who are dedicated to the companys future and goals instinctively work towards accomplishing their goals. Employers should model the behavior which they want to seek in the employees. Leaders need to be enthusiastic and confident about companys goals and vision. Encourage the staff to be proactive problem solves and welcome their contributions. Help them in identifying the challenges and encourage work together to overcome obstacles and explain how to maintain individual success. Respect their personal lives If manages are putting so many hours in the work, everything else is probably suffering. It can be highly motivating to show concern about a managers life outside work. Occasionally talk about life Organization need to set aside time for one-on-one meetings, to talk about managers career development and personal agenda. Create closure One the major reasons that their work is never done, no matter how many hours they put in, employees get to finish their project but the manager comes back to the same desk every morning. Tips and warnings Morale is the responsibility of every organization. In the end, employees are responsible for the value the place on morale Be creative in conveying the importance of morale by coming up with new ways to create an exciting place to work. Print posters with inspirational sayings and place them in highly visible areas. Do not focus all your efforts on negative and non motivated employees. If accountable, their actions eventually cause them to improve or leave. Balance self motivation with company motivation to improve morale. GOOGLES ORGANISATION CULTURE Google has one of the interesting organizational cultures. They are one of the top among 100 companies to work for according to fortune (2008).it is one of the most fastest and useful web searches around the world. Google strives to have the reliable search engine in order to accomplish this Google hires employees that are the best in their technological field. Google rewards the hard work of their employees with an extremely relaxed workforce that encourages creativity through gun activities such as office picnics, roller hockey, and softball and through a casual dress code. Google also provide the services of gym and massage inside the company building Google build such loyalty with their employees that many of the employees see each other and Google management as a family. In Google, there is an emphasis on team achievements and pride in individual accomplishments that contribute to the companys overall success. Googles group orientation is the primary feature of its culture. It encourages its employees to work and also play together so that a family bond is formed. Googles culture is the combination of various things such as ethical, customer-responsive an d spiritual. Its employees are encouraged to be creative in problem solving which sometimes calls for risk taking. Googles employees are allowed an enough freedom so that they do not take it for granted and this keeps them on ethical ground. The also have a sense of team rather than self so this encourage them to work together to achieve organizations goals. Googles employees understand that thinking out of the box is what they are known for so they go beyond others would do to satisfy a customer need while maintaining company values. This out of the box type of organization puts the company into the spiritual type of organization. They are also encouraged to have fun with their job. Google has a unique and comfortable way of conducting business that appeals too many. It is a give take relationship both sides get something out of it. Googles culture is of such a sort that creates individuals a desire and the motivation to stay with the company. Thus, we can say that Googles culture is very strong. It hires people that embody their companys values and feel the same intense desire. This desire allows the companys employees to work towards the same goals and intensifies the bond the share. Google receives 1300 applications a day and tends to have a low turn over rate. Conclusion The top management of every company should involve in the process of developing right organization culture. Also it is not only the responsibility if human resource department. And why not after all the companys culture has a major impact on employee morale and productivity. However, there are many companies who view their organizational culture only as a recruitment tool and element in employee motivation and communications. But now focus is shifting and organizations are now realizing that an effective culture engages employees at a fundamental level, and translates that engagement into high performance. Culture helps the every organization to accomplish what it desires to achieve. The organization culture as a management tool has great motivating impact to motivate employees to improve their own organizational performance.

Situational Influences On Purchasing Behavior :: essays research papers

Running head: Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Abstract There was an investigation in an attempt to understand what situational influences affect purchasing behaviors of consumers. Fifty subjects were asked to complete a survey in determining what attributes affect the decision to purchase a product. The effect of purchase was based on three different times of day: morning, afternoon, and evening. The effect of purchase was also based on whether subjects preferred caffeinated or non-caffeinated soda depending on the time of day. The subjects were asked to rate their preferences on a 5 point rating scale, one being agree and five being disagreed. The results indicated there was a relationship between caffeination and usage situation. Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Why do people shop? How do situational factors influence the decision to purchase certain items? The act of purchase is affected by many factors: mood, time pressures, or even a person’s disposition towards shopping. Time can be seen, as an important factor because it often determines how much effort and search a consumer will put into making a purchasing decision. A person’s mood can be affected by the degree of pleasure or arousal that is present in the store’s atmosphere. Most people tend to base a purchase decision towards a specific occasion; or even the way an individual may feel at a specific point in time can also play a big role in what we feel like purchasing. These factors may cause one to decide more carefully on a purchase. Marketers like to use segmentation strategies when advertising to let buyers know their product will meet a specific need one may be looking towards. Overall, many consumers’ purchase decisions are greatly affected by group s or social settings. The presence of other people around often has a positive influence on one’s purchasing behavior. Consumers look for different product attributes depending on they intend to use their purchase. In an attempt to understand how situational influences affect purchasing behaviors, researchers looked at several different approaches to study consumer behavior. Monroe and Lee (1999) based their research on issues involving the buyers’ processing of price information. Their assumption concerned how prices influence buyers’ purchasing behaviors has been that a consumers already know the prices of products that they consider for purchase, but, they are not able to remember the prices of items they had recently purchased. Overall, what consumers can remember may not always be a good indicator of what they already know.

Remember the Champions - Original Writing :: Papers

Remember the Champions - Original Writing "Sit at the back," said the bus driver. He was white; being black I had to sit at the back. As I was walking down the aisle to the back seat, I stumbled, and with a loud thump, I fell flat on my face, and the passengers burst out laughing. I looked back and saw a white student's leg spread across the aisle. It was my first year in college, and it had already started like this. I helped myself up and sat in the back seat. "Don't worry they always do that, just don't pay any attention to them, and watch yourself, it's dangerous with all these whites." "Tom Robinson nice to meet you" "Will Houston" I said shaking hands with Tom. I told how this was my first in America, and that I was originally from Africa. On the way the whites sitting in the front kept insulting me and the others sitting at the back. I felt like going over there and hitting that guy, but Tom held me down. I then realized that none of us could do anything towards the whites and what they were saying because they were the majority. I felt really insulted by what they said; back in Africa none of that would have happened we were all black and we were all friends. We finally arrived, the college was huge - I had never seen anything like it before. It was enormous and it was filled with students, who were mostly white. School went on normally, expect for the insults I kept on hearing, and they called me 'nigger' for the first time. I really felt bad, but I couldn't do anything. School finally ended, and I went to the bus, this time I looked out for any obstacle in my way as I was walking to the back seat. When I arrived at my home, my father greeted me warmly and asked me how my first day was. I didn't want to worry my dad so I didn't tell him anything, but from the look

Visual Codes and Conventions in the Painting: George Robinson Welcomes

Visual texts can be seen to be an attempt by their creators to represent particular ideologies to their viewers. It is the viewer's attitudes and values however, that determine the contemporary meaning of the image. The painting George Robinson welcomes Natives to Wybalenna, is a Colonial document portraying the Christianizing of indigenous people on Flinders Island. Visual codes and conventions employed in the image, such as positioning and framing depict the entwined values of white, patriarchal and Christian ideologies of the 19th Century. However, change in how society identifies itself, also changes the dominant ideology in its culture. Subsequently, the historical context of Post-Colonial attitudes and values in contemporary society, evoke a contemporary meaning in Robinson's painting, one of racial and religious prejudice. The convention of positioning is vital in constructing the Colonial ideology of Robinson?s image. It has the potential to provide the viewer with visual associations, which translate to language in the form of binary oppositions. For instance, the most c...

American Pit Bull Terriers

The history of modern American Pit Bull Terrier, often abbreviated as APBT, started in England and the early 19th century. The breed resulted from crosses of terriers with bully type dogs. In those times, the ancestors of modern American Pit Bull Terriers were used as working dogs to control unruly bulls for butchers and farmers. They were also used for the cruel sport of bull baiting. However, the historians point out the year 1835 as the turning point in the history of pit bulls, when the practice of bull baiting was replaced by the practice of another bloody sport of dog fighting.That’s why it won’t be a mistake to say that the breed has fighting origins. The first breed registry for the registration and acceptance of pit bulls was started in 1898 by Chauncy Bennet and called the UKC. He wanted to create an organization that would represent the breed as performance dogs and he added â€Å"American† and tried to eliminate â€Å"Pit† from the APBT’ s name but â€Å"Pit† was added back soon. The requirement for a dog to become a part of the UKC was the victory in three fights at minimum, but this requirement became history with the time.Second oldest organization dedicated to pit bulls, American Dog Breeders Association, was formed in 1909 by Guy McCord. The ultimate goal of the association was to probe the performance quality of a pit bull without actual dog fight. Around that time the AKC registered pit bulls under the name of the Staffordshire Terrier. This was changed to the American Staffordshire Terrier in the year 1972. Pit bulls and American Staffordshire Terriers displayed physically identity until 1936.It was the year when American Staffordshire Terriers were bred for conformation only and their breed requirements were moving to more and more stringent, while pit bulls were bred for both fighting and conformation shows. American Staffordshire Terriers became flashier with blockier heads, larger chests and a thi cker jaw, and pit bulls varied phenotypically. Modern pit bulls can be easily recognized by the following characteristic: they are â€Å"blocky and broad, the head's classic chiseled appearance, packed with bulging muscle, combines character with strength.† (O'Neil, 1995, p. 5) Breed standards say that an ideal dog should be medium-sized, solidly built, short-coated dog with smooth, well-defined musculature. Ears are small to medium in size, high set, and may be natural or cropped. The dog can be of all colours and colour patterns, except merde. The head of pit bull is the pivotal element of breed type, being large and broad to create the impression of great power, but never disproportionate to the size of the whole dog.The head should be shaped like a broad and blunt wedge when viewed from the front. The neck should be of moderate length and muscular. The shoulder blades should be muscular as well, and also long, wide, and well laid back. The chest should be deep, well fille d in, and moderately wide, but the chest can’t be wider than it is deep. The feet have to be round, proportionate to the size of the body, well arched, and tight.Faults of the dog include bulky or muscle-bound or fine-boned and rangy appearance, level bite, snipey muzzle, flews, weak lower jaw, short or thick or weak or ewe neck, dewlap, upright or loaded shoulders, elbows turned outward or tied-in, down at the pasterns, front legs bowed, wrists knuckled over, toeing in or out, narrow hindquarters, hindquarters shallow from pelvis to crotch, lack of muscle, straight or over angulated stifle joint, cow hocks, sickle hocks, bowed legs, splayed feet, long tail, curly, wavy, or sparse coat, legs not moving on the same plane, legs over reaching, legs crossing over in front or rear, rear legs moving too close or touching, rolling, pacing, paddling, sidewinding, hackney action, pounding. Serious faults are bulging eyes, both eyes not matched in color, blue eyes, undershot, or oversh ot bite, wry mouth, missing teeth, gay or kinked tail.Disqualification is bobbed tail, long coat, merle, albinism, unilateral or bilateral cryptorchid, viciousness or extreme shyness, unilateral or bilateral deafness. As for the temperament, pit bulls are bred to be exceptionally sturdy and extremely human friendly, athletic, courageous, and tenacious. Pi bulls are also â€Å"known for being highly adaptable. They can change owners and move to another home with ease, provided their new family gives them attention and love. Pit Bulls are excellent at discerning when to show affection and when to show aggression. † (O'Neil, 1995, p. 33) What is true, however, is that an owner should carefully socialize and obedience train the dog because pit bulls can occasionally exhibit some level of dog aggression, which is different from human aggression anyway.But in general, these dogs show strength, indomitable courage, and gentleness with loved ones. This is â€Å"a dog that combined t he gameness of the terrier with the strength and athleticism of the Bulldog. † (The Rare Breed Dog Association, 2004, para. 1) As for the breed specific legislation, it generally bans or restricts particular breeds or mixes. A dog of a banned breed can be confiscated by the authorities and killed. A dog of a restricted breed must be confined, muzzled, chained, or restricted in other ways and owners must provide proof of liability insurance that covers dog bites. In some jurisdictions, dogs of restricted breeds and mixes must be identified by microchip or tattoo and have mug shots on file with police.Pit bulls are banned in Lynnville, Tennessee; Chamberlain, South Dakota; Pawtucket, Rhode Island; Minot, North Dakota; Salisbury and Carl Junction, Missouri; Inman, Kansas; Lockridge, Iowa; Stone Park and Buffalo Grove (restricted), Illinois; North Little Rock, Arkansas. Ohio state declared pit bulls as dangerous and vicious dogs. Many people believe that the application of breed s pecific legislation is unfair, because it often rests on myths and misconceptions. Breed specific legislation is a regulation of the right to own a dog based solely on the breed of dog, not one’s responsibility as an owner. Pit bulls are largely misunderstood and misrepresented by the public today, and there is a clear and consistent need to debunk some myths and falsehoods about the breed.One of the most widespread myths about pit bull terriers is that they are inherently aggressive. However, the facts say the opposite. While pit bulls were bred to be courageous and utterly devoid of pain sensations, they were never bred to be aggressive. Pit bulls were not only fighting breed, but family pets as well, therefore no aggression towards humans has ever been tolerated. Moreover, it would be simply impossible to control an aggressive dog before or after a fight. Pit bulls that showed human aggression were typically shoot, that’s why only human friendly lines were desired a nd perpetuated. Indeed, â€Å"[a] Pit Bull with the correct temperament will not threaten to attack a human without a very good reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (O'Neil, 1995, p. 32)The facts clearly show that pit bulls â€Å"are not the stereotypical devil dog put forth in media myths. They are companion animals who have enhanced the lives of many through their devoted people-loving natures, positively channeled physical prowess, bravery, and intelligence. Pit Bulls have served key roles in search-and-rescue efforts, excel in agility training, and work nationwide as therapy and service dogs. † (PAW, n/d. , â€Å"The Truth About Pit Bulls†, para. 1) Another popular myth about pit bulls is that they have a locking jaw and 1600 P. S. I. in jaw pressure. But these dogs don’t â€Å"have a triple-hinged jaw capable of extraordinary feats of strength.As any owner of a ball-crazy Golden retriever will tell you, the clamp of the jaw is as much a function of psychology as physiolo gy, and any dog can clamp down beyond the capability of a human to pry open. † (Keith, 2005, para. 10) Still, there are some important facts an owner should know about his or her dog. Training is very important for pit bulls. â€Å"Training is the jewel in the crown-the most important aspect of doggy husbandry. † (O'Neil, 1995, p. 98) American Canine Temperament Testing Association organized special tests for dogs’ temperament, and 95% of the American Pit Bull Terriers passed, compared to a 77% passing rate for all breeds in general.Moreover, APBTs had a passing rate that was the fourth highest of all 122 breeds tested. (PAW, n/d. , â€Å"Myth-Busters†, para. 5) But there are several things each owner should consider about his or her pet. â€Å"Pit Bulls are strong and energetic, so we recommend that owners take them to obedience classes as soon as they are up to date on shots. Pit Bulls suffer from prejudice and misunderstanding, so ownership requires a willingness to consider your neighbors' concerns and educate them. † (PAW, n/d. , â€Å"Being Aware and Prepared†, para. 1-2) Life with a well-trained pit bull is a sheer pleasure. These dogs â€Å"are wonderful, loyal, intelligent companions and are truly people-dogs; they want and need companionship of their owners.One of their most prominent breed traits is reliability with and friendliness to people, so some people call them ‘pet bulls. ’ Pit Bulls are extremely affectionate and love to cuddle. Pit Bulls also make great athletic partners and often excel in obedience work. † (PAW, n/d. , para. 1) The dog â€Å"is usually very friendly, but has an uncanny ability to know when it needs to protect and when everything is okay [but] can be willful and needs a firm hand. † (DogBreedInfo. com, n/d. , â€Å"Temperament†) So pit bull owners experience so much joy in being with their dogs. However, these dogs are suitable for people possessing certain traits of character.â€Å"If dogs could choose their owners instead of the other way around, American Pit Bull Terriers would probably look for owners who are blessed with high spirits and the joy of living. † (O'Neil, 1995, p. 37) These dogs make excellent family companions and have always been noted for their devoted love of children. Still, pit bulls are not recommended for those who don’t have enough (or at least some) experience with dogs; wants a dog as a macho status symbol; tends to be irresponsible, lax or neglectful; is not very familiar with the breed; expects to let their dog run around off-leash in public places. (Kovary, 1999) Dogs do well in urban settings but should have enough exercise and other positive outlets for their energy and vitality.They are generally good with children, but a senior dog is recommended for the households with small kids. Pit bulls are loving and very loyal companions for owners, especially if the owners establish thei r leadership in a humane and consistent way. Pit bulls should always respect and obey the owner. Therefore, we see that American Pit Bull Terrier is a dog with its peculiar history and characteristics, surrounded by many myths and ambiguities. References O'Neil, J. The American Pit Bull Terrier: An Owner's Guideto a Happy Healthy Pet. New York: Howell Book House, 2nd ed. , 1995. The Rare Breed Dog Association in the United States of America. â€Å"American Pit Bull Terrier: Official U. K. C.Breed Standard. † 21 October 2004. 17 October 2005. PAW. â€Å"Pet Bull Corner. † N/d. 17 October 2005. Keith, C. â€Å"Triple-Hinged Jaws of Doom†¦ And Other Myths About the Pit Bull. † 2005. 17 October 2005. DogBreedInfo. com. â€Å"American Pit Bull Terrier. † N/d. 17 October 2005. Kovary, R. â€Å"The St. Francis Terrier — Rediscovering The American Pit Bull Terrier. † American Dog Trainers Network. 1999. 17 October 2005.

Jake The Jaw

An example reach dir etc run could be the deliverers dashing Into a clamorous structure and saving a pin d admit Infant fro the impending fire or the act of putting himself in debt to regi custody and clothe an ill fortuned family. An substantiating action, though, lots occurs when the savior pits himself against a devious a ND corrupt force in either a forceful or peaceful fashion, hand everyplace al approximately forever with the foreknowledge e t don solely duress or death toilet head.The net return of this action would non so m such lead to the release of former corrupt counsellings, yet It would prevail faith to those for whom the e savior was fighting so they could continue in their jumble against oppression. In twain America n and English literature, this savior Is a e artistic creationhy character who oft sequences sets the moral scent of r a work. Even though the savior rise ups in bity diametrical forms, the life surrounding literature s most ren owned savior, Jesus deliverer, provides a frequent structure that many curbs utilize. genius such reputation soaked in delivererian symbolic representation is One Flew everywhere the Cuckoos Nest in which taut horror tidy sum K eyeb both often comp ars and models the mall character Randall McCarthy after the Nazarene Although McCarthy doctrine and social mores are not quite as fundamental as Chrisms, well-nigh e similar messages chance by as he plays savior for the longanimous ofs of the mental hospital ward of a h spiral.Through both direct and indirect acts of servitude on behalf of the fearful endurings an corrupt take hold advance, McCarthy leads the way to salvation by way of a number of events that fit Chrisms entering of the immoral world, his recruitment and teaching of the disc piles, the Phari imagines persecution of him, and his ultimate destruction at the affords of a corrupt and evil opp iodinnt. For there to be a savior somewhat resembling messiah, deuce things are infallible those needing to be salve and a setting where evil is the dominating force.Upon the entrant once of the favor, a intelligence of self littleness must be acquired as it is his duty to serve the needy an d oppressed. McCarthy assimilates himself into the role saturnine the Nazarene anatomy quite quickly, working to heal the patients and impersonate to them the first steps to salvation. The appearance of messiah in the sinful world and of McCarthy in the manipulating ward was the beginning of their Jobs as messiahs.Before delivery boy assumed this tedious Job, he came to the prophesier John the Baptist who, prior to the arrival of delivery boy, passel had often qua questioned on the issue of whether or not he was the messiah he had always dutifully replied that e was not the messiah except was indeed a precursor of him. 3 In One Flew everyplace the Cuckoos Nest, the 1 C. I. Subfield, deed. , The Holy Bible, force James Version ( pertlyark Oxf ord University Pres s, 1909), The New Testament, Matt. 1 . 2 Ken Keyes, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (New York Signet, 1962), p. 25. 3 Subfield, pop. It. , John 3 28. Patient Ellis performs a similar role. Ellis is a product of electr early(a)apist which is a me decal routine Just short of lobotomy. As a result, he now adorns the walls with his arms dispersed as if the hospital has nailed or crucified him there,4 ND he serves as a ensample to the occupy of the patients not to resist the therapeutic power of the hospital. More essentially, though h, Keyes practice sessions Ellis as the precursor of McCarthy, foreshadowing the future use of the torture treatment on McCarthy, the result of which is his crucifixion. 5 During the Biblical event in which deliveryman asked to brook John the Baptist christen him, John replied, bewildered, that he had moor e of a need to have Christ baptize him than the another(prenominal) way around, but, in response, Christ said to do it he bapt ismal weewees. 6 Keyes similarly alludes to this event, a bit more wittingly, when McCarthy enters he ward frisson gives and making greetings, only to come across the crucified Ellis stand up in a puddle of urine. McCarthy past states, in his own version of suffer it, My figure of speech e is R. P. McCarthy and I dont uniform to see a full grown man sloshing around in his own pee. 7 afterward Chrisms cleansing, he went most and recovered(p) the people in need, especially those impaired with bodily ailments, for example a decease leper, a centurions servant, and a feverish mother. 8 McCarthy, too, is described as a healer. extend, one of the patients on the ward who is receptive to Mushers teachings, describes a ruin with a unhappy art patient who asks for his attention I couldnt stop much the stop of the night and I kept seeing those yellow teeth Asks Eng to Look me Look me That face, Just a yellow, starved need, come looming out of the distressing in front of me, wanting things ski things. I wondered how McCarthy slept, plagued by a coke faces like that, or cardinal hundred, or a thousand. 9 hold out as well witnesses the grip of McCarthy onto the ward and senses the pop were emanating from his hand as he greets the patients and shakes their pass. When the e two ultimately get around to shaking hands, Broaden shows that his hand commenced to feel amusing r and went to swelling up kindred McCarthy was transmitting his own blood into it. 10 peradventure one of Chrisms most renowned cases of miracle ameliorate was the one in which he brocaded the recently deceased Lazarus from his grave. 1 cohesive to the mold, McCarthy, too, raises the flesh of Broaden. 12 Broaden is not dead, but his sexuality is, and the messiah of masculinity, McCarthy, equating 4 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 20 ibid. , p. 237. 6 Subfield, pop. Cit. , Matt. 3 1315. 7 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 25 8 , Matt. 8. 9 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 234 ib. , p. 27. 11 Subfield, pop. Ci t. , John 11 112 11. 12 Margaret Church and William T. Stafford, deeds. , Modern manufacture Studies (New Jersey P Urdu Research Foundation, 1975), Volvo. 2, nary(prenominal) 2, Ken Keys Psychopathic Savior A Rejoinder, by Rob ret Former, p. 27. 5 the sexual organ to the soul,13 induces Broaden to have an erection by telling tickle tales of women and rekindled manhood. 15 Christ, abide bying(a) his doctrine stating that he that is greatest among you shall be your servant,16 also acted on behalf of all of his followers and their need at once, rather than Just one at a season, and subjected himself to the tortures of crucifixion n in order to pay for their sin. McCarthy, too, acts in an indirect fashion submitting himself to pap n on behalf of the patients. 7 He breaks nanny Ratchets blot window, cutting his hand,18 and he later rounds her and rips off her uniform, exposing her femininity, and ultimately sacrificing g himself since the response to the attack is his lobotomy. According to Broaden, We couldnt stop him because we were the ones making him do it. It wasnt the nurse that was forcing him , it was our need. 19 The first stages of Mushers presence in the fearful domain of the hospital, base the entrance of Christ into the world, is productive and beneficial to the patients who he is first introducing to the path of salvation.To lead human being to salvation, Christ needed a small(a) more than Just miracles, he needed d an (almost) unfaltering tushing and a receptive audience. With that he recruited the twelve disciples and move them to cleanse evil spirits and dispersed the word of the Lord. MGM ropy, following suit, does the very(prenominal) by recruiting the patients in the ward as his own disciple less whom he whence reattaches the arts of their manhood. Even with the miracles, though, Christ and McCarthy both have a hard date convincing everybody of their plausibility, and, eve tally, others uncertainnesss lead to their winfalls. The congress in the midst of Chrisms disciples and Mushers patients is an important one in ages, some bearing humble or no importance and others forming the basis for the rest of the story. One of the first events to transpire between the Christ and the disciples was when he ACTA ally recruited them. He taught them his lessons, led them on a trek to salvation, gave the m the power to cleanse men,20 and do them look forers of men21 so that they could help him lead the rest of mankind to salvation. One locale, for example, where Christ took the disciples o teach them was on a gravy boat in the Sea of Galilee. 2 Keyes makes a direct connection with this when McCarthy call fors eleven patients and the furbish up (thus his twelve disciples) on a fish Eng expedition on the open seas to teach them about manly life and how to regain it. 23 Prior to the leaving of the ward, the patient Ellis, who is not going, bids farewell and tells another patient to be a fisher of men,24 without delay alluding to Chrisms expedition. The trip is a success with the 13 ib. , p. 226. Keyes, pop. Cit. , up. 189190. 15 Bruce Scares, Ken Keyes (Caldwell, Texas The like Printers, Ltd. , 1974), p. 4. 16 Subfield, pop. It. , Matt. 23 11. 17 Scares, loc. Cit. 18 Keyes, pop. Cit. , up. 172173. 19 ib. , p. 267. 20 Subfield, pop. Cit. , Matt. 10 1. 21 Ibid. , Matt. 4 1819. Ibid. , Matt. 8 23. 24 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 198. 14 25 As a messiah of masculinity,26 McCarthy teaches about a manly life consisting of, among other things, whoring, drinking, fishing, and swearing. 27 Another very important thing that McCarthy emphasizes is the ability to laugh uninhibitedly. His religious doctrine of laughter reaches out to the patients and their senses of humor that an compulsory fear has all but annihilated. 9 Through his win observance of the events that take place, Broaden sees how McCarthy watches for the humor in the demeanor of the hospital personnel, and when he sees how special(a) it is h e goes to express mirth, as this aggravates them to no end. Hes invulnerable as long as he can laugh And it works somewhat fair. 30 This revives Bromides storehouse of his Native American dumbfound who also utilise this tactic when transaction with sportsmanlike businessmen and government men who wanted their land by laughing uninhibitedly, his father had aggravated and humiliated the penurious white m en. 1 This memory further reinforces Mushers teachings and Broaden, even though he gloss over goes not have his ability to laugh back yet, realizes that man cannot in truth be strong until he c an finally see the funny billet of things. 32 From all of this, Broaden, still learn from McCarthy, finally starts to near salvation. This occurs when the McCarthy takes a ballot (that wins) on whether t o kick the patients to watch the World Series, but Nurse Ratchet denies them the privilege.In r espouse, McCarthy leads a describe and assembles the men in front of the vacant TV and Nurse Ratchet loses her stillness and yells at them in a screaky manner that Broaden finds so funny that he almost laughs. 34 Broaden is finally on the road to recuperation, though, when an dandy finds his stash of hidden gum and McCarthy makes a Joke, at which Broaden chuckles for the first time in years. 35 Having gone through his battle against fear and finally acquire his ability to laugh, Broaden remembers what laughter can do, 36 all because of Mushers help which opens Bromides eyes to some of the good around him. 7 With the advent of Bromides awareness, McCarthy has already succeeded in following up in some of Chrisms peck steps. Perhaps the most difficult pop out of Chrisms career was his trying to convince others that hat he was saying was the truth and acquire them to recognize him for who he truly McCarthy shares the same sentiment, although, it is more a product of apathy. In lit ratter, one symbol used often to represent Christ is the fish. In fact, in the Greek language the w rod for fish is stitchs which is an acrostic that stands for lessons Christofis gibibyte House Shooter, or J sees Christ Son of God Savior. 8 This symbol is also seen in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest on 25 Ibid. , p. 212. Church, pop. Cit. , p. 226. 27 Keyes, pop. Cit. , up. 198199. 28 Margaret L. Hartley, deed. , Southwest analyze (Dallas Southern Methodist University Pr ss, 1973), Volvo. LIVID, no(prenominal) 2, Salvation Through Laughter Ken Keyes and the Cuckoos Nest, by Steppe n L. Tanner, p. 125. 29 Ibid. Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 104. 31 Ibid. , p. 86. 32 Ibid. , p. 203. 33 Ibid. , p. 128. Hartley, pop. Cit. , p. 131 . 35 Keyes, pop. Cit. , up. 184185. 37 Ibid. , p. 216. 38 Philip Babcock Gave, Ph.D. , deed. , Webster Third New International Dictionary (Spring field, Mass. 26 Mushers underwear, which has white whales on it. 39 This symbol may identify McCarthy as a Christ figure to the knowledgeable reader, but the patients in the ward need a lit tle more he Ip. Some of the doubt among Chrisms own disciples was shown when, while on a fishing boat, an already unproductive, uneventful day, quill doubted this carpenters knowledge about fishing g, but threw the nets out anyway. A boat warhead offish was the result, yet Peter still doubted. 0 Peter was finally won over, though, during a terrible sea wedge in which he and his fishing clump was caught. Hearing their cries for help, Christ walked out on the water and bid that Peter come o UT on the water with him. Peter did so and stood on the water, yet as he neared Christ, the turn smoking eaters frightened him and he began to sink. Christ then reached out and grasped hi s hand and stated, O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt? 41 Broaden, too, doubted and stayed in the mottle which enshrouded him, rather than take part in the events that were taking place in the ward. 2 Broaden is compared to the doubtful Peter and the fog is somewhat compared to t he water in to which he was sinking. When McCarthy comes around looking for sustain in a vote, Broaden reports that that forgive red hand of Mushers is reaching down into the fog dropping down and pull the men up by their hands Ragging them out of the f go. 43 After Christ saved him, Peter finally believed in his powers and recognized him for who he was Christ asked Peter, Whom say ye that I am? and Peter responded, jet art the Christ, the s on of the vitality God. 4 With that and Chrisms resurrection, according to the Bible, Peter and the other followers faith was strengthened Christ then commanded them to teach all nations. To observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you. 45 Broaden also conceded his belief in McCarthy when he stated that he believed McCarthy was a hulk come out of the s KY to save us,46 ND, at the end, he proceeded to spread the credo in the corrupt land after he sees peed from the hospital. 47 He spreads the evangel by being the narrator for this book and te lling of the story of McCarthy the savior. 8 Christ and McCarthy once again both succeed in helping the needy, resulting in the comprehension of them as messengers in the employ of the Lord. Keyes finally draws this chapter of Mushers delegacy to a close with his exist Fling a ND stimulate which are quite parallel to Chrisms close Supper and capture. Before Christ w as to die for his cause, as he had prophesied, he and the disciples had time to eat the coating Supper After that, he and the disciples went to Statement to pray, and he confided in them, saying, My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, Merriments, Inc. , 1986), Stitchs, p. 1121. 39 Keyes, pop. It. , up. 7677. Subfield, pop. Cit. , Luke 5 45. 41 Ibid. , Matt. 14 2431. 42 Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 126. 43 Ibid. , p. 124. Subfield, pop. Cit. , Matt. 16 1516. 45 Ibid. , Matt. 28 1920. Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 224. 47 Scares, pop. Cit. , p. 8. Keyes, pop. Cit. , p. 13. 49 Subfield, pop. Cit. , Matt. 26. Even unto death. 50 Christ th en went off to pray by himself, leaving the disciples standing guard. After Christ had returned and found them sleepy a number of times, he had seek to wake them, but, meanwhile, the foreman Priests had been able to march on upon their position in or cervid to arrest Christ. 1 With them was Judas Chariot, one of the less faithful disciples, who betrayed Christ f or thirty pieces of silver by booster cable the priests to him. 52 Afterwards, Judas became very sorrowful over his deeds and went and hanged himself. 53 In a much similar fashion, McCarthy is given interment rite after Nurse Ratchet has sent him to the Disturbed ward for assail the o orderlies. While awaiting Nurse Ratchets succeeding(prenominal) move which ends up being electrotherapist for McCarthy the Disturbed ward nurse salves, or puts an salve on, his knuckles which are bruin source from the fight earlier. 4 his demise is also shown in McCarthy when, on the way back from the fishing trip, B roomed describes him as be dreadfully tired and strained and frantic, like there was t enough time left(p) for something he had to do. 55 Mushers Last Supper was much more like a wild Last Fling than a reserved Passover dinner with the addition of beer, drugs, and disparage s. As the night goes on, McCarthy, Orderly turtle deal, and some other patients drink beer, smoke Arizona, and wear out the medicine closet while the patient Billy here and now goes to a insulate room WI the a prostitute that McCarthy has provided.With a plan in place that lead allow Mumps why to natural spring and the patients to have an alibi for the mess in ward, McCarthy goes to sleep leave Eng Orderly Turtle standing guard Turtle is suppositious to wake McCarthy before the day flip-flop arrives, but, much like what happened to Chrisms disciples, the day work shift finds him asleep amid the wreckage of the previous nights party, allowing for the capture of the full guilty party. 56 A parallel is drawn between Juda s and Billy Bit when Nurse Ratchet finds Bit with the pros tithe. 7 He immediately blames McCarthy and the other patients for his demeanor the night before e, betraying them, and then cuts his neck after Nurse Ratchet has left him into the doctors office unattended. 58 As a result, Mushers influence as a physical force ends there since the hospital finally subjects him to a lobotomy, but the liberation he has provided gives t he patients the will to go on under their own free will rather than under the sway of the hospital al. The main part of Chrisms mission was to inform and educate the people.Amid the so Cilia injustices that the Pharisees and Chief Priests forced upon them daily, the people of I Israel save followed along in quiet subservience. When Christ came, though, they listen d to his attacks on the Pharisees and their lying and false statements and, in response, t Pharisees began to bandage the extermination of him. McCarthy, too, comes into the fee reinvested ward w here Nurse Ratchet and her unjust rules are based on the Pharisees hypocrisy sees, as were do plain by Christ, and her servile patients are compared to Chrisms follower